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Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana Volumen 73, núm. 1, A050121, 2021 |
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De Chupícuaro al despoblamiento de la frontera septentrional. Evidencia arqueomagnética del sitio Lo de Juárez, Guanajuato, México
From Chupícuaro to the depopulation of the northern border. Archeomagnetic evidence from the Lo de Juárez site, Guanajuato, Mexico
Verónica López1,4,*, Lidia Iris Rodríguez2, Avto Goguitchaichvili1, Israel Morales Castorena2, Rubén Cejudo Ruiz1,3, Juan Morales1, Ana María Soler1, Francisco Bautista3, Rafael García1
1 Servicio Arqueomagnético Nacional, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México.
2 INAH, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Guanajuato, Real 42 Marfil, 36250, Guanajuato, México.
3 Laboratorio Universitario de Geofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Geofísica y Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.
4 Posgrado en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México.
* Autor para correspondencia: (V. Lopéz) This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
How to cite this article:
López, V., Rodríguez, L., Goguitchaichvili, A., Morales Castorena, I., Cejudo Ruiz, R., Morales, J., Soler, A.M., Bautista, F., García, R., 2021, De Chupícuaro al despoblamiento de la frontera septentrional. Evidencia arqueomagnética del sitio Lo de Juárez, Guanajuato, México: Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 73 (1), A050121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2021v73n1a 050121
ABSTRACT
Significant progress in archeomagnetic studies over the past decade suggests that magnetic dating may be a valuable tool for reconstructing chronologies of firing structures. Despite important works with numerous findings of great regional impact, the absolute chronology of archaeological sites in the state of Guanajuato is supported by few reliable data. The archaeological rescue intervention carried out in the city of Irapuato, offered a unique opportunity to analyze a perfectly preserved stove and oven, considered to be excellent means of recording the Earth’s Magnetic Field at the time of its last use. The magnetic experiments carried out included: determination of hysteresis cycles, acquisition of the isothermal remanent magnetization, continuous thermomagnetic curves, demagnetization by alternating fields and determination of the absolute geomagnetic intensities. Titanium-poor titanomagnetite emerges as the main magnetic carrier while its domain state corresponds to pseudo-single structure. Characteristic directions were obtained for both structures analyzed with reasonable precision. However, the absolute archaeointensity was obtained only for the furnace samples (Structure 2). The result of archeomagnetic dating for the stove showed an interval of time between AD 973 and 1204. Instead, the dating of the presumably limekiln provided an age interval between 36 B.C. and AD 40. These data open a new panorama in the study of the earliest occupations that occurred in this sector of the Bajío. Despite the existence of reports of Chupícuaro-style ceramics near the area, there are no supported absolute dates that corroborate these new dates of occupation. When comparing the obtained results with the chronologies, it seems that the Lo de Juárez site is contemporaneous to the Mixtlán and so-called Interphase phases. At the same time, the stove is located in the early post-classic period. These new absolute chronological contributions open new questions regarding the occupation phases of the regional pre-Hispanic population, specifically, the Guanajuato River Basin.
Keywords: archaeomagnetism, Guanajuato, Chupícuaro, Bajío tradition, absolute dating, regional geoarchaeology, Guanajuato river basin.
